MATLAB SIMULINK 7 - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Manual de usuario Pagina 156
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6 Laying Out a GUI
6-66
Cross-Platform Compatible Units
Cross-platform compatible GUIs should look correct on computers having
different screen sizes and resolutions. Since the size of a pixel can vary on
different computer displays, using the default figure
Units of pixels does not
produce a GUI that looks the same on all platforms.
For this reason, GUIDE defaults the
Units property for the figure to
characters.
System-Dependent Units
Character units are defined by characters from the default system font. The
width of a character unit equals the width of the letter
x in the system font. The
height of a character unit is the distance between the baselines of two lines of
text. Note that character units are not square.
Units and Resize Behavior
If you set your GUI’s resize behavior using the GUI options, GUIDE
automatically sets the units for the GUI’s components in a way that maintains
the intended look and feel across platforms. To specify the resize behavior
option, select
Options from the Tools menu, then specify Resize behavior by
selecting
Non-resizable, Proportional, or Other (Use ResizeFcn).
If you choose the
Non-resizable option, GUIDE defaults the component units
to
characters. If you choose Proportional, it defaults the component units to
normalized. In either case, these settings enable your GUI to automatically
adjusts the size and relative spacing of components as the GUI displays on
different computers.
If you choose
Other (Use ResizeFcn), GUIDE defaults the component units to
characters. You must provide a ResizeFcn callback to customize the GUI’s
resize behavior.
Note GUIDE does not automatically adjust the component units if you
modify the Resize property programmatically or in the Property Inspector.
At times, it may be convenient to use a more familiar unit of measure, e.g.,
inches or centimeters, when you are laying out the GUI. However, to preserve
the look of your GUI on different computers, remember to change the figure
- Version 7 1
- How to Contact The MathWorks: 2
- Revision History 3
- Saving and Running the GUI 9
- Contents 10
- Examples of GUIDE GUIs 11
- Functions for Creating GUIs 13
- Getting Started 15
- About GUIs in MATLAB 17
- 1 About GUIs in MATLAB 18
- How Does a GUI Work? 19
- Creating a GUI with 21
- 2 Creating a GUI with GUIDE 22
- The Example: Simple GUI 23
- Laying Out a Simple GUI 25
- OK. The Layout Editor then 25
- Adding the Components 27
- Aligning the Components 29
- Entering Pop-Up Menu Items 33
- , then click OK 35
- Saving the GUI Layout 37
- Programming the Pop-Up Menu 41
- Programming the Push Buttons 43
- Save from the File menu 45
- Creating a GUI 49
- Sine; result in radians 53
- Square root 53
- 3-D shaded surface plot 53
- Creating a GUI M-File 54
- Surf push button, add the 64
- Surf push button 64
- Mesh push button 64
- Contour push button, add the 64
- Running the Final GUI 65
- Creating GUIs with GUIDE 69
- What Is GUIDE? 71
- 4 What Is GUIDE? 72
- GUIDE Tools Summary 73
- Preferences and Options 77
- 5 Preferences and Options 78
- Prompt to Save on Activate 79
- All Other Preferences 81
- GUIDE Preferences 83
- GUI Options 85
- Generate FIG-File and M-File 87
- Generate FIG-File Only 89
- Laying Out a GUI 91
- Designing a GUI 93
- GUI with Uicontrols 97
- GUI with Axes and Menu 99
- 6 Laying Out a GUI 100
- Selecting a GUI Template 101
- Yes and No push buttons: 101
- Setting the GUI Size 103
- Adding Components to the GUI 105
- Preferences from 105
- Adding Text to the Components 115
- Static Text 117
- Slider, Axes, ActiveX Control 121
- Selecting Components 121
- Front-to-Back Positioning 123
- Dragging Components 125
- Resizing Components 127
- Aligning Components 129
- Property Inspector 131
- Guide Lines 133
- Setting Tab Order 135
- 1 Surf push button 137
- 2 Contour push button 137
- 3 Mesh push button 137
- Menus for the Menu Bar 139
- Adding Items to a Menu 141
- Additional Drop-Down Menus 143
- Cascading Menus 143
- Creating Menus 145
- UIContextMenu property 149
- Creating Toolbars 151
- Default System Font 153
- View menu 155
- Generate FIG-file 155
- Saving and Running the 159
- 7 Saving and Running the GUI 160
- File and GUI Names 161
- How to Assign Names 161
- Saving a GUI 163
- Saving a New GUI 165
- Saving an Existing GUI 167
- From an M-file Script 169
- M-file 171
- Programming the GUI 173
- 8 Programming the GUI 174
- Callbacks: An Overview 175
- GUI Files: An Overview 177
- View callbacks 179
- Callback Syntax and Arguments 183
- Input Arguments 185
- The Handles Structure 185
- Initialization Callbacks 187
- Output Function 189
- Push Button 191
- Radio Button 193
- Check Box 193
- List Box 195
- ActiveX Control 203
- View Callbacks from 205
- Menu Item 209
- View button 211
- Managing 213
- Application-Defined Data 213
- Mechanisms for Managing Data 214
- GUI Data in GUIDE 215
- Application Data 216
- UserData Property 218
- GUI Data 219
- 10 Examples of GUIDE GUIs 226
- Design of the GUI 227
- GUI Option Settings 229
- Plot Button Code Listing 231
- List Box Directory Reader 233
- The List Box Callback 237
- GUI M-file. See 239
- for more information 239
- Reading Workspace Variables 241
- Changing the Controller Gains 245
- Slider Callback 247
- Current value text box 249
- The GUI Help Button 253
- Running the GUI 257
- Validating the MAT-file 259
- The Open Menu Callback 261
- Open_Callback Code Listing 261
- An Address Book Reader 263
- Cancel from the question 263
- Paging Forward or Backward 265
- Code Listing 265
- Saving the MAT-File 267
- Save_Callback Code Listing 267
- Changing the Width 269
- Changing the Height 269
- How the GUI and Dialog Work 275
- Creating GUIs 277
- Programmatically 277
- Functions for Creating 279
- Introduction 280
- Function Summary 281
- ActiveX Controls 282
- Interactive User Input 282
- Working with Preferences 282
- Utilities 283
- Examples of GUIs Created 285
- The Example 287
- Creating the Data 289
- The Main Figure 290
- The Axes 291
- The Pop-Up Menu 292
- The Update Push Button 292
- File, and the items it 293
- The Toolbar and Its Tools 294
- Initializing the GUI 295
- Defining the Callbacks 296
- Open Menu Item Callback 297
- Print Menu Item Callback 298
- Close Menu Item Callback 298
- Color Palette 300
- The Components 301
- Using the Color Palette 301
- NaN, that 302
- View the Completed GUI M-File 303
- Subfunction Summary 304
- M-File Structure 305
- GUI Programming Techniques 306
- Sharing Data Between Two GUIs 308
- Icon Editor 311
- Using the Icon Editor 312
- Cancel button, its callback 317
- Making a GUI Modal 322
- UserData property 9-6 327
- Tag property 330
- UserData property 330
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